一、Seccomp基础原理
1.1 工作机制
plaintext
Seccomp运行模式:
模式限制级别系统调用适用场景
strict 最严格仅exit等特定场景
filter 可定制自定义规则通用场景
disabled 无限制全部允许默认状态
过滤流程:
1.程序发起系统调用
2.Seccomp拦截并检查
3.根据规则判断
4.执行或拒绝调用
1.2 规则定义
c
// Seccomp规则定义示例
#include<seccomp.h>
#include<linux/seccomp.h>
scmp_filter_ctx ctx;
int init_seccomp(){
// 创建过滤器
ctx = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM));
if(!ctx)
return-1;
// 允许基础系统调用
seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(read),0);
seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(write),0);
seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(exit),0);
// 加载规则
return seccomp_load(ctx);
}
二、安全策略配置
2.1 基础防护策略
python
def configure_basic_protection():
"""基础安全策略配置"""
policies ={
'file_access':{
'allowed':['read','write','open','close'],
'denied':['unlink','chmod','chown']
},
'network':{
'allowed':['socket','bind','listen','accept'],
'denied':['raw_socket','packet_socket']
},
'process':{
'allowed':['fork','exit'],
'denied':['ptrace','execve']
}
}
return generate_seccomp_rules(policies)
2.2 进程隔离策略
c
// 进程隔离配置
#include<seccomp.h>
int setup_process_isolation(){
scmp_filter_ctx ctx;
// 初始化为白名单模式
ctx = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_KILL);
if(!ctx)
return-1;
// 允许必要的系统调用
struct rule_struct {
int syscall;
int action;
} rules[]={
{SCMP_SYS(read), SCMP_ACT_ALLOW},
{SCMP_SYS(write), SCMP_ACT_ALLOW},
{SCMP_SYS(exit), SCMP_ACT_ALLOW},
{SCMP_SYS(rt_sigreturn), SCMP_ACT_ALLOW}
};
// 添加规则
for(int i =0; i <sizeof(rules)/sizeof(rules[0]); i++){
if(seccomp_rule_add(ctx, rules[i].action,
rules[i].syscall,0)<0)
return-1;
}
return seccomp_load(ctx);
}
三、场景化配置
3.1 Web服务器配置
python
classWebServerSeccomp:
def generate_rules(self):
"""Web服务器安全规则"""
rules ={
'network':[
{'syscall':'socket','action':'allow',
'args':[('domain','AF_INET')]},
{'syscall':'bind','action':'allow'},
{'syscall':'listen','action':'allow'},
{'syscall':'accept','action':'allow'},
{'syscall':'sendto','action':'allow'},
{'syscall':'recvfrom','action':'allow'}
],
'filesystem':[
{'syscall':'open','action':'allow',
'args':[('path','/var/www')]},
{'syscall':'read','action':'allow'},
{'syscall':'write','action':'allow'}
]
}
returnself.compile_rules(rules)
3.2 数据库服务器配置
c
// 数据库服务器Seccomp配置
int setup_db_seccomp(){
scmp_filter_ctx ctx;
ctx = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_KILL);
// 文件操作
seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(open),1,
SCMP_A1(SCMP_CMP_MASKED_EQ, O_ACCMODE, O_RDWR));
seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(read),0);
seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(write),0);
// 内存管理
seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(mmap),0);
seccomp_rule_add(ctx, SCMP_ACT_ALLOW, SCMP_SYS(munmap),0);
return seccomp_load(ctx);
}
四、性能优化
4.1 规则优化
python
def optimize_rules(rules):
"""规则优化策略"""
optimizations ={
'rule_ordering':{
'high_frequency':['read','write','futex'],
'medium_frequency':['socket','epoll_wait'],
'low_frequency':['fork','execve']
},
'rule_grouping':{
'filesystem':['open','read','write','close'],
'network':['socket','connect','accept'],
'process':['fork','clone','exit']
}
}
return apply_optimizations(rules, optimizations)
4.2 缓存优化
c
// BPF规则缓存优化
struct bpf_cache {
uint32_t syscall;
uint32_t hash;
int result;
};
#define CACHE_SIZE 1024
staticstruct bpf_cache rule_cache[CACHE_SIZE];
int check_syscall_cached(int syscall){
uint32_t hash = hash_syscall(syscall);
int index = hash % CACHE_SIZE;
if(rule_cache[index].hash == hash &&
rule_cache[index].syscall == syscall)
return rule_cache[index].result;
int result = check_syscall(syscall);
rule_cache[index].hash = hash;
rule_cache[index].syscall = syscall;
rule_cache[index].result = result;
return result;
}
五、监控与审计
5.1 系统调用监控
python
classSeccompMonitor:
def __init__(self):
self.metrics ={
'denied_calls':Counter(),
'allowed_calls':Counter(),
'violations':[]
}
def monitor_syscalls(self):
"""系统调用监控"""
# 使用 bpf 程序监控系统调用
bpf_text ="""
#include <uapi/linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/seccomp.h>
struct event_t {
u32 pid;
u32 syscall;
int action;
};
BPF_PERF_OUTPUT(events);
int trace_seccomp(struct seccomp_data *ctx) {
struct event_t event = {};
event.pid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
event.syscall = ctx->nr;
event.action = ctx->action;
events.perf_submit(ctx, &event, sizeof(event));
return 0;
}
"""
returnself.run_monitor(bpf_text)
5.2 审计日志
python
def setup_audit_logging():
"""审计日志配置"""
audit_config ={
'log_path':'/var/log/seccomp_audit.log',
'format':'json',
'fields':[
'timestamp',
'process',
'syscall',
'action',
'details'
],
'rotation':{
'size':'100M',
'keep':10,
'compress':True
}
}
return configure_audit(audit_config)
六、最佳实践建议
6.1 配置建议
基础配置
安全增强
plaintext
优化项目措施效果
系统调用最小化授权提高安全性
规则组织逻辑分组提升性能
监控审计实时告警快速响应
性能优化
6.2 故障排查
bash
# 调试模式启动
seccomp-tools dump./target_program
# 系统调用跟踪
strace -e trace=seccomp ./target_program
# 审计日志分析
ausearch -ts recent -m seccomp